/*
** $Id: ltablib.c $
** Library for Table Manipulation
** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
*/

#define ltablib_c
#define LUA_LIB

#include "lprefix.h"


#include <limits.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "lua.h"

#include "lauxlib.h"
#include "lualib.h"


/*
** Operations that an object must define to mimic a table
** (some functions only need some of them)
*/
#define TAB_R 1   /* read */
#define TAB_W 2   /* write */
#define TAB_L 4   /* length */
#define TAB_RW (TAB_R | TAB_W)  /* read/write */


#define aux_getn(L,n,w) (checktab(L, n, (w) | TAB_L), luaL_len(L, n))


static int checkfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int n) {
    lua_pushstring(L, key);
    return (lua_rawget(L, -n) != LUA_TNIL);
}


/*
** Check that 'arg' either is a table or can behave like one (that is,
** has a metatable with the required metamethods)
*/
static void checktab (lua_State *L, int arg, int what) {
    if (lua_type(L, arg) != LUA_TTABLE) {  /* is it not a table? */
        int n = 1;  /* number of elements to pop */
        if (lua_getmetatable(L, arg) &&  /* must have metatable */
                (!(what & TAB_R) || checkfield(L, "__index", ++n)) &&
                (!(what & TAB_W) || checkfield(L, "__newindex", ++n)) &&
                (!(what & TAB_L) || checkfield(L, "__len", ++n))) {
            lua_pop(L, n);  /* pop metatable and tested metamethods */
        }
        else
            luaL_checktype(L, arg, LUA_TTABLE);  /* force an error */
    }
}


static int tinsert (lua_State *L) {
    lua_Integer e = aux_getn(L, 1, TAB_RW) + 1;  /* first empty element */
    lua_Integer pos;  /* where to insert new element */
    switch (lua_gettop(L)) {
    case 2: {  /* called with only 2 arguments */
        pos = e;  /* insert new element at the end */
        break;
    }
    case 3: {
        lua_Integer i;
        pos = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);  /* 2nd argument is the position */
        /* check whether 'pos' is in [1, e] */
        luaL_argcheck(L, (lua_Unsigned)pos - 1u < (lua_Unsigned)e, 2,
                      "position out of bounds");
        for (i = e; i > pos; i--) {  /* move up elements */
            lua_geti(L, 1, i - 1);
            lua_seti(L, 1, i);  /* t[i] = t[i - 1] */
        }
        break;
    }
    default: {
        return luaL_error(L, "wrong number of arguments to 'insert'");
    }
    }
    lua_seti(L, 1, pos);  /* t[pos] = v */
    return 0;
}


static int tremove (lua_State *L) {
    lua_Integer size = aux_getn(L, 1, TAB_RW);
    lua_Integer pos = luaL_optinteger(L, 2, size);
    if (pos != size)  /* validate 'pos' if given */
        /* check whether 'pos' is in [1, size + 1] */
        luaL_argcheck(L, (lua_Unsigned)pos - 1u <= (lua_Unsigned)size, 1,
                      "position out of bounds");
    lua_geti(L, 1, pos);  /* result = t[pos] */
    for ( ; pos < size; pos++) {
        lua_geti(L, 1, pos + 1);
        lua_seti(L, 1, pos);  /* t[pos] = t[pos + 1] */
    }
    lua_pushnil(L);
    lua_seti(L, 1, pos);  /* remove entry t[pos] */
    return 1;
}


/*
** Copy elements (1[f], ..., 1[e]) into (tt[t], tt[t+1], ...). Whenever
** possible, copy in increasing order, which is better for rehashing.
** "possible" means destination after original range, or smaller
** than origin, or copying to another table.
*/
static int tmove (lua_State *L) {
    lua_Integer f = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
    lua_Integer e = luaL_checkinteger(L, 3);
    lua_Integer t = luaL_checkinteger(L, 4);
    int tt = !lua_isnoneornil(L, 5) ? 5 : 1;  /* destination table */
    checktab(L, 1, TAB_R);
    checktab(L, tt, TAB_W);
    if (e >= f) {  /* otherwise, nothing to move */
        lua_Integer n, i;
        luaL_argcheck(L, f > 0 || e < LUA_MAXINTEGER + f, 3,
                      "too many elements to move");
        n = e - f + 1;  /* number of elements to move */
        luaL_argcheck(L, t <= LUA_MAXINTEGER - n + 1, 4,
                      "destination wrap around");
        if (t > e || t <= f || (tt != 1 && !lua_compare(L, 1, tt, LUA_OPEQ))) {
            for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                lua_geti(L, 1, f + i);
                lua_seti(L, tt, t + i);
            }
        }
        else {
            for (i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                lua_geti(L, 1, f + i);
                lua_seti(L, tt, t + i);
            }
        }
    }
    lua_pushvalue(L, tt);  /* return destination table */
    return 1;
}


static void addfield (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *b, lua_Integer i) {
    lua_geti(L, 1, i);
    if (!lua_isstring(L, -1))
        luaL_error(L, "invalid value (%s) at index %d in table for 'concat'",
                   luaL_typename(L, -1), i);
    luaL_addvalue(b);
}


static int tconcat (lua_State *L) {
    luaL_Buffer b;
    lua_Integer last = aux_getn(L, 1, TAB_R);
    size_t lsep;
    const char *sep = luaL_optlstring(L, 2, "", &lsep);
    lua_Integer i = luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 1);
    last = luaL_optinteger(L, 4, last);
    luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
    for (; i < last; i++) {
        addfield(L, &b, i);
        luaL_addlstring(&b, sep, lsep);
    }
    if (i == last)  /* add last value (if interval was not empty) */
        addfield(L, &b, i);
    luaL_pushresult(&b);
    return 1;
}


/*
** {======================================================
** Pack/unpack
** =======================================================
*/

static int tpack (lua_State *L) {
    int i;
    int n = lua_gettop(L);  /* number of elements to pack */
    lua_createtable(L, n, 1);  /* create result table */
    lua_insert(L, 1);  /* put it at index 1 */
    for (i = n; i >= 1; i--)  /* assign elements */
        lua_seti(L, 1, i);
    lua_pushinteger(L, n);
    lua_setfield(L, 1, "n");  /* t.n = number of elements */
    return 1;  /* return table */
}


static int tunpack (lua_State *L) {
    lua_Unsigned n;
    lua_Integer i = luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 1);
    lua_Integer e = luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkinteger, 3, luaL_len(L, 1));
    if (i > e) return 0;  /* empty range */
    n = (lua_Unsigned)e - i;  /* number of elements minus 1 (avoid overflows) */
    if (n >= (unsigned int)INT_MAX  || !lua_checkstack(L, (int)(++n)))
        return luaL_error(L, "too many results to unpack");
    for (; i < e; i++) {  /* push arg[i..e - 1] (to avoid overflows) */
        lua_geti(L, 1, i);
    }
    lua_geti(L, 1, e);  /* push last element */
    return (int)n;
}

/* }====================================================== */



/*
** {======================================================
** Quicksort
** (based on 'Algorithms in MODULA-3', Robert Sedgewick;
**  Addison-Wesley, 1993.)
** =======================================================
*/


/* type for array indices */
typedef unsigned int IdxT;


/*
** Produce a "random" 'unsigned int' to randomize pivot choice. This
** macro is used only when 'sort' detects a big imbalance in the result
** of a partition. (If you don't want/need this "randomness", ~0 is a
** good choice.)
*/
#if !defined(l_randomizePivot)  /* { */

#include <time.h>

/* size of 'e' measured in number of 'unsigned int's */
#define sof(e)  (sizeof(e) / sizeof(unsigned int))

/*
** Use 'time' and 'clock' as sources of "randomness". Because we don't
** know the types 'clock_t' and 'time_t', we cannot cast them to
** anything without risking overflows. A safe way to use their values
** is to copy them to an array of a known type and use the array values.
*/
static unsigned int l_randomizePivot (void) {
    clock_t c = clock();
    time_t t = time(NULL);
    unsigned int buff[sof(c) + sof(t)];
    unsigned int i, rnd = 0;
    memcpy(buff, &c, sof(c) * sizeof(unsigned int));
    memcpy(buff + sof(c), &t, sof(t) * sizeof(unsigned int));
    for (i = 0; i < sof(buff); i++)
        rnd += buff[i];
    return rnd;
}

#endif     /* } */


/* arrays larger than 'RANLIMIT' may use randomized pivots */
#define RANLIMIT 100u


static void set2 (lua_State *L, IdxT i, IdxT j) {
    lua_seti(L, 1, i);
    lua_seti(L, 1, j);
}


/*
** Return true iff value at stack index 'a' is less than the value at
** index 'b' (according to the order of the sort).
*/
static int sort_comp (lua_State *L, int a, int b) {
    if (lua_isnil(L, 2))  /* no function? */
        return lua_compare(L, a, b, LUA_OPLT);  /* a < b */
    else {  /* function */
        int res;
        lua_pushvalue(L, 2);    /* push function */
        lua_pushvalue(L, a-1);  /* -1 to compensate function */
        lua_pushvalue(L, b-2);  /* -2 to compensate function and 'a' */
        lua_call(L, 2, 1);      /* call function */
        res = lua_toboolean(L, -1);  /* get result */
        lua_pop(L, 1);          /* pop result */
        return res;
    }
}


/*
** Does the partition: Pivot P is at the top of the stack.
** precondition: a[lo] <= P == a[up-1] <= a[up],
** so it only needs to do the partition from lo + 1 to up - 2.
** Pos-condition: a[lo .. i - 1] <= a[i] == P <= a[i + 1 .. up]
** returns 'i'.
*/
static IdxT partition (lua_State *L, IdxT lo, IdxT up) {
    IdxT i = lo;  /* will be incremented before first use */
    IdxT j = up - 1;  /* will be decremented before first use */
    /* loop invariant: a[lo .. i] <= P <= a[j .. up] */
    for (;;) {
        /* next loop: repeat ++i while a[i] < P */
        while ((void)lua_geti(L, 1, ++i), sort_comp(L, -1, -2)) {
            if (i == up - 1)  /* a[i] < P  but a[up - 1] == P  ?? */
                luaL_error(L, "invalid order function for sorting");
            lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove a[i] */
        }
        /* after the loop, a[i] >= P and a[lo .. i - 1] < P */
        /* next loop: repeat --j while P < a[j] */
        while ((void)lua_geti(L, 1, --j), sort_comp(L, -3, -1)) {
            if (j < i)  /* j < i  but  a[j] > P ?? */
                luaL_error(L, "invalid order function for sorting");
            lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove a[j] */
        }
        /* after the loop, a[j] <= P and a[j + 1 .. up] >= P */
        if (j < i) {  /* no elements out of place? */
            /* a[lo .. i - 1] <= P <= a[j + 1 .. i .. up] */
            lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop a[j] */
            /* swap pivot (a[up - 1]) with a[i] to satisfy pos-condition */
            set2(L, up - 1, i);
            return i;
        }
        /* otherwise, swap a[i] - a[j] to restore invariant and repeat */
        set2(L, i, j);
    }
}


/*
** Choose an element in the middle (2nd-3th quarters) of [lo,up]
** "randomized" by 'rnd'
*/
static IdxT choosePivot (IdxT lo, IdxT up, unsigned int rnd) {
    IdxT r4 = (up - lo) / 4;  /* range/4 */
    IdxT p = rnd % (r4 * 2) + (lo + r4);
    lua_assert(lo + r4 <= p && p <= up - r4);
    return p;
}


/*
** Quicksort algorithm (recursive function)
*/
static void auxsort (lua_State *L, IdxT lo, IdxT up,
                     unsigned int rnd) {
    while (lo < up) {  /* loop for tail recursion */
        IdxT p;  /* Pivot index */
        IdxT n;  /* to be used later */
        /* sort elements 'lo', 'p', and 'up' */
        lua_geti(L, 1, lo);
        lua_geti(L, 1, up);
        if (sort_comp(L, -1, -2))  /* a[up] < a[lo]? */
            set2(L, lo, up);  /* swap a[lo] - a[up] */
        else
            lua_pop(L, 2);  /* remove both values */
        if (up - lo == 1)  /* only 2 elements? */
            return;  /* already sorted */
        if (up - lo < RANLIMIT || rnd == 0)  /* small interval or no randomize? */
            p = (lo + up)/2;  /* middle element is a good pivot */
        else  /* for larger intervals, it is worth a random pivot */
            p = choosePivot(lo, up, rnd);
        lua_geti(L, 1, p);
        lua_geti(L, 1, lo);
        if (sort_comp(L, -2, -1))  /* a[p] < a[lo]? */
            set2(L, p, lo);  /* swap a[p] - a[lo] */
        else {
            lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove a[lo] */
            lua_geti(L, 1, up);
            if (sort_comp(L, -1, -2))  /* a[up] < a[p]? */
                set2(L, p, up);  /* swap a[up] - a[p] */
            else
                lua_pop(L, 2);
        }
        if (up - lo == 2)  /* only 3 elements? */
            return;  /* already sorted */
        lua_geti(L, 1, p);  /* get middle element (Pivot) */
        lua_pushvalue(L, -1);  /* push Pivot */
        lua_geti(L, 1, up - 1);  /* push a[up - 1] */
        set2(L, p, up - 1);  /* swap Pivot (a[p]) with a[up - 1] */
        p = partition(L, lo, up);
        /* a[lo .. p - 1] <= a[p] == P <= a[p + 1 .. up] */
        if (p - lo < up - p) {  /* lower interval is smaller? */
            auxsort(L, lo, p - 1, rnd);  /* call recursively for lower interval */
            n = p - lo;  /* size of smaller interval */
            lo = p + 1;  /* tail call for [p + 1 .. up] (upper interval) */
        }
        else {
            auxsort(L, p + 1, up, rnd);  /* call recursively for upper interval */
            n = up - p;  /* size of smaller interval */
            up = p - 1;  /* tail call for [lo .. p - 1]  (lower interval) */
        }
        if ((up - lo) / 128 > n) /* partition too imbalanced? */
            rnd = l_randomizePivot();  /* try a new randomization */
    }  /* tail call auxsort(L, lo, up, rnd) */
}


static int sort (lua_State *L) {
    lua_Integer n = aux_getn(L, 1, TAB_RW);
    if (n > 1) {  /* non-trivial interval? */
        luaL_argcheck(L, n < INT_MAX, 1, "array too big");
        if (!lua_isnoneornil(L, 2))  /* is there a 2nd argument? */
            luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TFUNCTION);  /* must be a function */
        lua_settop(L, 2);  /* make sure there are two arguments */
        auxsort(L, 1, (IdxT)n, 0);
    }
    return 0;
}

/* }====================================================== */


static const luaL_Reg tab_funcs[] = {
    {"concat", tconcat},
    {"insert", tinsert},
    {"pack", tpack},
    {"unpack", tunpack},
    {"remove", tremove},
    {"move", tmove},
    {"sort", sort},
    {NULL, NULL}
};


LUAMOD_API int luaopen_table (lua_State *L) {
    luaL_newlib(L, tab_funcs);
    return 1;
}

